What Are Subprime Mortgage Loans?

Subprime lending refers to the extension of credit to higher-risk borrowers, a practice also commonly referred to as "B/C" or "nonconforming" credit. Loans to subprime borrowers serve communities that may have been underserved by other lenders in the past. In recent years, subprime mortgage lending has grown dramatically, with over 90% of all subprime mortgage loans made in or after 1993. By the end of 1996, the total value of outstanding subprime mortgage loans exceeded $350 billion. In 1997 alone, subprime lenders originated over $125 billion in home equity loans. Subprime loans have become a significant and growing part of the home equity market. Subprime originations constituted 11.5% of the total home equity lending market in 1996; by the first half of 1997, they had grown to 15.5% of this market. At the same time, the composition of companies involved in the subprime market is evolving. One of the dramatic changes in this market has been the growth in subprime mortgage lending by large corporations that operate nationwide.

The subprime mortgage market has flourished because such lending has been profitable, demand from borrowers has increased, and secondary market opportunities are growing. Lenders typically price subprime loans to consumers at rates of interest and fees higher than conventional loans. Higher rates and points can be appropriate where greater credit risks are involved, as is often the case with subprime loans. Critics assert, however, that the interest rates and fees charged by some subprime lenders are excessive, and much higher than necessary to cover increased risks, particularly since these loans are secured by the value of a home. Some attribute lenders' high rates on first mortgages in part to federal deregulation of certain state interest rate ceilings in 1980.

Subprime vs. Prime Mortgage Loans
Individuals familiar with home loans are likely aware of two loan programs. Those with a good credit rating will generally qualify for prime loan rates. Moreover, homebuyers who have cash for a down payment and closing costs will also qualify for prime rates. If your home buying situation is slightly different, you may qualify for a subprime loan.

What Are Subprime Mortgage Loans?
Subprime mortgage loans are primarily offered to individuals with low credit scores. These persons do not qualify for traditional financing. Mortgage companies and other financial lending institutions have exact lending requirements. If an applicant does not fit their criteria, the loan application is denied.

While getting approved for a mortgage loan with bad credit is a major feature of subprime loans, there is one main drawback to subprime loans. Because large portions of the loans are granted to individuals with poor credit, the odds of these loans defaulting are high. Because of this, most subprime loans have a higher interest rate. Of course, rates depend on credit. Applicants with fair credit may get approved for comparable rates, whereas those with extremely low credit scores can expect rates with a two or three point increase.

How to Choose a Subprime Mortgage Loan Lender?
Some lenders specialize in subprime loans. Furthermore, many traditional mortgage companies have begun offering subprime loans. The fastest and easiest way to locate a reputable subprime lender is through a mortgage broker.

Everyone's situation varies. Some bad credit applicants have funds for a down payment and closing, whereas some prime applicants do not have extra money to cover these costs. A mortgage broker is able to find the best loan program for your situation.

The relatively high profit margins in the subprime mortgage industry have fueled demand in the secondary market from investors seeking higher-yielding securitized assets, especially in an environment of generally low interest rates. In 1996, the subprime mortgage sector issued over $38 billion in securities, the largest increase in securitizations for any lending industry sector in that year. The secondary market's expansion has, in turn, helped to sustain growth in the industry by enabling lenders to raise funds on the open market to expand their subprime lending activities.